DESCRIPTION & HISTORY of SWEETGRASS is a winter-hardy aromatic perennial grass, normally found growing in rich, moist soil from Alaska to Newfoundland in full sun, and is also native to northern Europe.. The Blackfoot Massacre, often called the Bear River Massacre, the Baker Massacre, or the Marias Massacre. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants by Robin Wall Kimmerer, Potawatomi Nation member, scientist and professor is an uplifting, rich book for the contemporary reader. 1896 - A 20-mile wide strip of Blackfeet Reservation was ceded. 1880 President Rutherford B. Hays issued an Executive Order taking back the land that President Grant had restored in 1875. In 1888, left with no other choices, these once proud people were forced to sign the so-called "Sweet Grass Hills Treaty" - an agreement that gave the Blackfeet their present reservation, plus lands in the eastern side of present-day Glacier National Park. West Butte (6983 ft/2128 m) Countries. A mysterious, forbidding shelter, this is a place where we can imagine the camping pits that once existed, bellowing smoke from the chimney not a bad spot to wait out a flood, and after squirming out through the portal, one almost feels reborn, with ones first sight being Montanas Sweetgrass Hills. The geology and spirituality of the Sweetgrass Hills makes them unique in Montana history. General material designation. Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 17:40, "Disputing the Medicine Line-The Plains Crees and the Canadian-American Border, 1876-1885", http://opi.mt.gov/pdf/IndianEd/IEFA/FortPeckTimeline.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sweet_Grass_Hills&oldid=1139156526, This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 17:40. Gravel roads run around these mountains, but direct access is not easy. See 150 traveler reviews, 78 candid photos, and great deals for Sweetgrass Inn Bed & Breakfast, ranked #4 of 26 B&Bs / inns in Rapid City and rated 4.5 of 5 at Tripadvisor. Outside of Sunburst, the road is initially paved but turns to gravel as it approaches the first of the buttes. The peoples of both Europe and North America independently consider this . The Blackfeet claimed the land was only provided for a 99 -year lease. A recent story on the Sweet Grass Hills reminded avid hiker and explorer Tom Kotynski of the historic grave at the Gold Butte ghost town. The sisterswent to Whitlash School, but Rowe didn't recover. In the East, South-East you can see East and Gold Butte. A column of cavalry and infantry under the command of Major Eugene Baker attacked the sleeping camp early in the morning. First published November 18, 2013. Its easy to see why Napi choose the Sweetgrass Hills for a perfect little sanctuary. OTTAWA, Nov. Many refugees froze or starved to death seeking shelter in nearby camps or at FortBenton. Signup to receive the Central Montana Email Newsletter. 30 Overland Trl , Reed Point, MT, 59069, Sweet Grass County. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, 'Buffalo take care of us': First Blackfeet buffalo hunt open to all was a success, Business Buzz: New coffee shop, bakery opens in Missoula, After escaping 'religious cult', Montana woman faces new challenges with honeyberry farm, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, 'A hearty animal': Yaks roam 1,000-acre ranch outside of Kalispell. Title proper. Out of the 16 White men who took part in the Cypress Hills Massacre, the Mounties were only able to bring three before the courts. The soldiers took more than 100 prisoners, but once they realized many were infected with small pox, released them with no food, clothing or shelter in subzero weather. Havre Field Office The Sweet Grass Hills consist of three distinct buttes with scattered grassy hills connecting them. That story was mixed up with Rowe's over time. As such, visitors will have to use a bit of intuition to determine which road to take based on mileage and general direction. The strong few who today call this place home will attest to the spirituality of the hills. [4] Quite prominent in the local area, they are clearly visible from US Highway 2 to the south, I-15, and can sometimes[when?] The buttes also have special spiritual significance to the Blackfeet Indians. In an act of genocide on a small tribe, the Wiyot Massacre took place on February 26, 1860. Perhaps the people with the strongest connection to the mountains are the Blackfoot tribe. It is the northern terminus of Interstate 15, an important route connecting western Canada, the western United States, and Mexico. Pete, Tachini. A lock ( When Potts found out that whiskey was being sold at Pine Coulee, he guided the Police to the Coulee where they arrested five men. The best times to visit this trail are May through October. Preview trail be seen as far North as the Crowsnest Highway (Highway3) near Medicine Hat in Alberta as well as from the West, near Glacier National Park and Browning, Montana. Later, thousands of homesteaders rushed the area in search of free land, but only a few were successful. From Medicine Hat. Brown at the junction with Old Whitlash Stage Road (Highway 409). The rumor was the lonely grave belonged to a prostitute and no one wanted her buried with the rest of thefolks. The drive takes visitors through the heart of this remote and seldom visited part of Montana. Marker is at or near this postal address: 28342 US Highway 2, Shelby MT 59474, United States of America. 1780 A band of Blackfeet raided a Shoshone camp not knowing the Shoshone had small pox. But when Natives traded for whiskey, their drinking often led to violence. Many of these men were hardened ex-soldiers who believed that killing Natives was justified. After one of the whiskey traders claimed he saw his stolen horse near the Native camp, a group went out of the trading post with plans to harass the Natives. Cypress Hills Provincial Park is located approximately 65.5 kms (or a 45-minute drive) south of Medicine Hat. The inscription above was to prick the consciences of those who looked down on young Jessie Rowe. Touch for map. In 1865, the area north of Montana was known as Whoop-Up country. The Sweet Grass Hills (Blackfoot: ktoyissiksi, Cheyenne: v'ho'htsvse, Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille: aalqn, "three peaks"[1]) are a small group of low mountains rising more than 3,000 feet (910m) above the surrounding plains southwest of Whitlash, Montana, in Liberty and Toole County, Montana. 1837 A second smallpox epidemic struck the Blackfeet. Steele, Corry, Tracy and Shayne Tolman made the discovery in the Sweetgrass Hills, just south of the Canadian border, when they were camping. To the south, the gentle slopes give way to the Sweetgrass Hills in the distance. The Mounties, burdened as they were with oxen, carts, cattle and machines, made slow time across the plains. The upper slopes of the hills have not been glaciated and would have stood above the ice sheet that covered the area during the last ice age. On a lonely grave in the Sweet Grass Hills north of US Highway 2 a poem is engraved on the tombstone: "Remember me as you pass by,As you are now, so once was I,As I am now, so you must be,Prepare for death and follow me.". Ironically, the soldiers were in pursuit of a hostile band led by Mountain Chief, who was camped several miles downstream at the time of the attack. But during the journey, Denny notes that the horses were "unaccustomed to grazing or looking out for themselves, could not stand up under the hardships. Waving his good conduct papers and medals, Heavy Runner was the first casualty of the Baker Massacre that cold January morning. The tiny town of Sunburst does have limited services, but the visitor will find many more services (at less cost) in nearby Shelby. . Required fields are marked *. Heart Butte High School completed. The Sweet Grass Hills are a sacred site of the Blackfoot aboriginal people who live on both sides of the 49th parallel north which forms the Canada-United States border. They were looking for excitement and adventure in the "Wild West." Messages. The Wolfers then skinned the wolves and used the skins for trade. Our team is also aware that we need to provide convenience and efficiency to our customers. Many of the refugees froze or starved to death seeking shelter in nearby camps or at Fort Benton. Touch for directions. THE SWEET GRASS MASSACRE Nov. 25, 1886 The New York Times Archives See the article in its original context from November 25, 1886, Page 2 Buy Reprints View on timesmachine TimesMachine is an. 24.--Correspondence between the Canadian and United States authorities confirms the report of the recent Indian massacre in the Northwest. 18 talking about this. As the scenic drive approaches US Highway 2, hay and wheat fields also become a common sight. With most of the men away hunting in the Sweet Grass Hills, the soldiers fired into the lodgers where women, children, and elderly slept. A Bitterroot Valley woman escaped what she calls a "polygamist religious cult" and founded Montana's largest honeyberry farm, only to be hit w. However, Julia Dafoe & Megan Maki as Chester High School students debunked that rumor with a projectsaved on the Montana Heritage Project website. The Blackfeet claimed the land was only provided for a 99 -year lease. Rocky outcroppings arise from most of the hills, but especially West Butte. 1974 The Blackfeet Tribe chartered Blackfeet Community College. 1855 Lame Bull Treaty / Judith River Treaty.This treaty took place at the mouth of the Judith River with the Blackfeet, Nez Perce and the Salish and Pend dOreille (language in treaty also refers to Flathead tribe) To make way for the railroad, Isaac Stevens was charged with negotiating a peace between the Blackfeet and the allied tribes the Nez Perce, Salish and Pend dOreille. 1911 Children born after the middle of the year were allotted 80 acres. Other named peaks in the small group are Gold Butte (6,512ft[1,985m]), East Butte (with two peaks, the taller of which at 6,958ft[2,121m]), and Mount Lebanon (5,807ft[1,770m]). 1898 - Forty percent of the Blackfeet tribal cattle herd was lost. Ride north into the Sweet Grass Hills well into the night. After leaving the Pembina River both men and horses suffered through lack of good water. It is a steep, but beautiful walk from this point. And your general elk license allows for the harvest of antlerless elk. Approximately a year after the battle, the Cree and Blackfoot made a formal peace. Land Area: The drive runs between Sunburst, MT, and Chester, MT. While not all-encompassing, they serve as instructional tools that accompany the text of both the history projects and the Montana Tribal Histories: Educators Resource Guide. He then states that the first death occurred on August 6th to a man of E troop who died from fever brought on by wet and exposure, and adds that "This event cast a gloom over the force.". Approximately 2,656 individual Blackfeet tribal members received allotments. The Sweet Grass Hills are a small group of low mountains rising more than 3,000 feet above the surrounding plains southwest of Whitlash, Montana in Liberty and Toole County, Montana. You can cancel at any time. 1911 Surplus lands to be opened for sale were estimated at 156,000 acres. A recent story on the Sweet Grass Hills reminded avid hiker and explorerTom Kotynski of the historic grave at the Gold Butte ghost town. [9] The Sweet Grass Hills Treaty of 1887 was signed between the Blackfeet and the United States, ceding 17,500,000 acres (71,000km2) of land to the US Government, and dividing the remaining 6,000,000 acres (24,000km2) into three separate reservations The Blackfeet, Fort Belknap and Fort Peck. Indian Education Montana Oce of Public Instruction Denise Juneau, Superintendent Montana Tribal History Timelines 2. Montana's era of "Indian Wars" consisted of nearly a century of skirmishes, battles, and large-scale wars between the U.S. military and native nations, including Blackfeet, Sioux, Northern Cheyennes, Arapahos, Gros Ventres, and Nez Perces -- and the army's Crow and Shoshone allies. References: Kimmerer, Robin Wall, Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Two mounties travelled into the United States, and with the help of U.S. marshalls, were able to arrest seven. You have permission to edit this article. [11], Sweet Grass Hills in Montana from Red Rock Coulee, Alberta. When the cheerleading coach broke the news to Katrina Kohel that she was the only one left on the cheer squad, Kohel was determined to compete anyway. 1865 Unratified Treaty with Montana Governor Meagher and Blackfeet Indian Agent Gad Upson. Once again though, in 1896, the U.S. government went back on their word as they . Lewis and Clark called them the Broken Mountains, the French trappers dubbed them Les Trois Buttes. Sunburst is named for the mornings first rays of light cresting above the Sweetgrass Hills. 1700s The Blackfeet traveled south along the Rocky Mountains. Ride north on the gravel road Highway 224 from Joplin, Montana. This "ceded strip" is known today as Glacier National Park. Waving his good conduct papers and medals, Heavy Runner was the first casualty of the Baker Massacre that cold January morning. The Sweet Grass Hills are located in North Central Montana, north of Highway 2, right near the Canadian border. The United States agreed to help the Canadian police catch the Whites that were involved in the Cypress Hills Massacre. The hills were sacred friends, as the gods asked the hills to swallow the bison, to save them from the rifles of the buffalo . Located in north-central Montana along the Canadian border, the Sweet Grass Hills consist of three distinct buttes separated by vast sweeps of rolling grasslands. The first two were clashes between trappers (traditionally identified as American "Wolfers") and native groups of various types. 1888- Sweet Grass Hills Agreement 1896 - 20 mile wide strip of Blackfeet Reservation ceded. Sweet Grass, Montana. ", Denny also notes that the men deserved a lot of praise. Generally considered a moderately challenging route. Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. The . [2][3] The tallest point in the hills is West Butte at 6,983 feet . Will Red Eagle and Liza find the love they've been waiting for? The Sweet Grass Hills have been a prominent landmark of northern Montana since the buffalo days. Gifts Silver Nugget Gift Items $ 8.99 - $ 26.99. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. Originally numbering 13, tribal council representatives now number nine. Subscribe to this website and receive notification each time a free genealogy resource is newly published. [6] [7] [8] The Hills were the site of a battle between Native people and wolfers in 1872. Clark had been in several conflicts with Owl Child, a Piegan, who was not camped with Heavy Runner, but with Mountain Chief. I havent taken this route, so anyone who travels it is on their own. Beginning in Whitlash, the route travels around the northern and eastern side of Mt. Twenty-two Natives died. Federal minerals in the Hills are now withdrawn from mineral entry to protect other resource values. This historical marker was erected by Montana Department of Transportation. The Whites then wanted revenge, so a group went hunting for natives, caught three Peigan and hanged them. Several American Indian Tribes have spiritual and historic associations with the Sweet Grass Hills and they have been determined eligible to the National Register of Historic Places. [box]The Montana Tribal Histories Reservation Timelines are collections of significant events as referenced by tribal representatives, in existing texts, and in the Montana tribal colleges history projects. free travel planner. The Cypress Hills Massacre: In June of 1873, a group of Wolfers had their horses stolen by some Cree. Ironically, the soldiers were in pursuit of a hostile band led by Mountain Chief, who was camped several miles downstream at the time the attack. The Sweet Grass Hills produced minor amounts of gold and silver as well as other minerals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Also known as vanillagrass, mannagrass and holy grass, it is well known to many Indigenous people in Canada and the United States as a material for baskets, as well as a scent, medicine and smudge. Quick View. Camping on undeveloped BLM-administered lands. Many elk, antelope, and a multitude of birds live around these mountains, but not many people. In 2004, a joint border facility opened at the Sweetgrass port of entry and Coutts . Within Alberta, 403.2 km 2 of the Cypress Hills are protected as the Cypress Hills Provincial Park . Furthermore, during my exploration, every attempt was made to be respectful to the area. Copyright20062023,Somerightsreserved. Only 300 were selected to go. This provides an island of mountainous, forested habitat for elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer and a few moose. Archaeologist think the masks, about 16 centimetres wide and buried in dirt under the cave floor, may have . I got to see much of a 50,000-acre ranch in the Sweet Grass Hills of Montana that relatively few people will ever see. They had eaten the grass short, making feed very scarce; the lakes were fouled by them. The largest and oldest histories of Montana Tribes are still very much oral histories and remain in the collective memories of individuals. the wide chimney atop the rocky chamber, but only the nesting hawks use that entrance. There, Commissioner French split up the force, charging Inspector Carvell with leading Troops D and E south to the Boundary Commission Road, the Canadian-American trail that straddled the 49 th Parallel, and then east down . The Cypress Hills, site of the Assiniboine massacre that led to the establishment of the NWMP. As the road gains elevation through this section, the views from the top of the rolling hills are truly sweeping. The property is timbered and offers plenty of privacy. Overall, the Sweet Grass Hills Backcountry Drive is a superb route for those who enjoy rolling prairie and vast views. . Sweetgrass or Sweet Grass (Hierochle odorata) Seed stalk, life-size, very important for positive identification. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. thick in the Sweet Grass Hills area. Located about 40 miles north of each town, as you get closer you can also see the smaller Haystack and Grassy Butte and that the East Butte area is really multiple mountains. These battlegrounds remain today, a testament to the clash of cultures that defined the region in the nineteenth . At the end of the attack, 217 people were killed. Shelby is located at the crossroads of I-15 and Highway 2, just 89 miles east of Glacier National Park. A man of peace, Heavy Runner had no quarrel with the US Army. The presence of the latter two groups led to a clash of cultures culminating in the 1873 Cypress Hills massacre, an armed ambush of a Nakoda camp by a group of drunken wolfers and whiskey traders, killing men, women, and children. After the Cypress Hills Massacre, recruiting for the NWMP began at once. Actual geological formations of the Sweetgrass Hills create additional mystery that continues to the present day. In the book The Law Maraches West, written by a Captain with the Mounties, Sir Cecil E. Denny writes that, "The horses, purchased in Toronto, were exceptionally good. The pointed peak of Mount Brown in the Sweet Grass Hills as seen from the tiny town of Whitlash. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Since White traders could make good money by trading whiskey, they headed north from Montana, out into the freedom of Whoop-Up country. Highest Point. The Sweet Grass Hills are an example of the island ranges that dot the central third portion of the state of Montana. Children that live there do not attend school at the site; they are bussed to Browning Public Schools. An official website of the United States government. Collaborative Action and Dispute Resolution, Camping is limited to 16 consecutive days at any one location, Pack out all refuse unless trash cans are provided, Dispose of sewage and petroleum products properly, All vehicles, including OHVs, must stay on roads and trails, Use only down and dead firewood for campfires. [/box], Your email address will not be published. Towering above the rolling prairie, the Sweet Grass Hills are one of the more noticeable geographic features in Montana. 1818 The US and Canadian border was established. Forested areas, consisting mainly of Douglas fir, are therefore able to grow on the hills' slopes. 2023 Central Montana. We are 20 mins west of Mizzou. Quick View. Your email address will not be published. Instead of battles and bloodshed, the Mounties found peace in the Canadian West. If the road is wet, it is generally best to wait a day to allow the route to dry out. 1851 The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851. 1870 - The Blackfoot Massacre, often called the Bear River Massacre, the Baker Massacre or the Marias Massacre, occurred when U.S. Item FC 3216 S2 3.5.6.9 - Sweetgrass Hills Massacre. While there are a few Siksika on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, most members are Southern Piegan or Pikuni. His people did not participate in Clarkes killing nor were they hiding the perpetrators of the crime. Mountain range with well-recognized name. Sweet Grass (also Sweetgrass) is an unincorporated community in Toole County, Montana, United States, on the Canada-US border. I have a couple of questions for those of you who have hunted the Sweet Grass Hills in northern Montana. Come get a taste of farm living ,book a tour. With most of the men away hunting in the Sweet Grass Hills, the. Send us a message and we'll be in touch. . 1987 Blackfeet National Bank, first tribally-owned, federally chartered bank on an Indian Reservation established. The treaty was ratified in 1856. They underwent difficult military style training to make them fit and to teach them how to ride and shoot. Shelby, Valier, Conrad and Chester all have impressive views of the Sweet Grass Hills, along central Montanas northern border, and the Rocky Mountains to the west. 2nd ed. There were places where, as far as the eye could reach, untold thousands were in sight, the country black with them. An introduction contains historic information that assists the reader to understand the mystery that shrouds these hills. There are no services of any kind along the Sweet Grass Hills Scenic Drive. In that specific district, rifle bull elk tags are few in number. So make the most of it. The Sweet Grass Hills produced minor amounts of gold and silver as well as other minerals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Havre, MT 59501. In Montana, trading whiskey to the Natives was illegal. SweetGrass Ranch is a "five star" recreational paradise located on the edge of the Black Hills approximately 35 miles northeast of Gillette. The army gave the death count at 173. The three buttes are West Butte (elevation of 6983 feet), Gold Butte (elevation of 6512 feet) and East Butte (elevation of 6958 feet). The Sweet Grass Hills Backcountry Drive follows two different state highways, Montana 552 and Montana 409, and travels between the tiny town of Sunburst and the nice, quaint town of Chester. The Sweet Grass Hills Backcountry Drive is a sixty-six mile route that takes the visitor through a part of Montana that few natives ever see. The March West Introduction Leaving Fort Dufferin Roche Percee to the Sweetgrass Hills Fort Benton 4. . It appears that a band View Full Article in Timesmachine , See the article in its original context from. To survive the flood waters the god fled to the Sweetgrass Hills, and to a specific location within the hills. The soldiers took more than 100 prisoners, but once they realized many were infected by small pox, released them with no food, clothing or shelter in subzero weather. The Mounted Police hired a 37 year old scout and interpreter named Jerry Potts. Their ill-planned and arduous journey of nearly 1,400 kilometres (900 mi . The Blackfoot word for the area is Katoyisiks, which means "Sweet Pine . This territory spanned land north of the Missouri and Sun River east to the Dakota border. Digital subscribers Field Office the Sweet Grass ( also Sweetgrass ) is an exclusive benefit home! Of a 50,000-acre ranch in the Hills ' slopes number nine convenience and efficiency our. Were hardened ex-soldiers who believed that killing Natives was illegal dirt under the cave floor, May.... 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